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  • Lack of Stability Indicators Summary

    Last week I posted the following:

    I am currently starting a project that will analyze the biomechanical
    indicators (eg. Postural Sway, Symmetry of Motion, Jerk, ...) of stability
    problems in the elderly. If anyone could help me out by providing some
    references with respect to such factors or simply suggest others, it would
    be greatly appreciated.

    As promised, I have compiled and summarized the responses. I would like to
    thanks all the respondants, the comments and references are very useful
    though it may take me a while to dig through them all. If there are any
    additional comments please do not hesitate to contact me.

    Thanks,
    Andrew Pruszynski

    ---------------------------------
    Nick Stergiou, PhD
    Director of the HPER Biomechanics Laboratory
    University of Nebraska at Omaha

    Suggested checking chapter three on nonlinear analysis in his book
    "Innovative Analyses in Human Movement" published by Human Kinetics.

    also suggested several recent publications,

    Max J. Kurz and Nicholas Stergiou. The aging humans neuromuscular system
    expresses less certainty for selecting joint kinematics during gait.
    Neuroscience Letters. 348(3), 155-158.

    Ugo H. Buzzi, Nicholas Stergiou, Max J. Kurz, Patricia A. Hageman and Jack
    Heidel. Nonlinear dynamics indicates aging affects variability during gait.
    Clinical Biomechanics. 18(5), 435-443.

    Nicholas Stergiou, Giannis Giakas, Jennifer E. Byrne and Valerie Pomeroy.
    Frequency domain characteristics of ground reaction forces during walking of
    young and elderly females. Clinical Biomechanics. 17(8), 615-617.

    ----------------------------------
    Tim Doyle
    Edith Cowan University
    PhD Candidate - Biomechanics

    "The attached paper investigates stability during quiet stance, my planned
    research shifts to investigating stability during dynamic activities of
    balance and gait."

    He provided the following referece:

    Doyle, T. L. A., Dugan, E. L., Humphries, B., & Newton, R. U. (2004).
    Discriminating between elderly and young using a fractal dimension analysis
    of centre of pressure. International Journal of Medical Sciences, 1(1),
    11-20.

    ------------------------------------
    John Buckley, PhD
    Research Associate (biomechanics)
    Dept of Optometry
    University of Bradford

    "our work of recent months/years is to look at the affects of vision on
    aspects of balance in the elderly - see below"

    Buckley JG, Anand V, Scally A and Elliott DB. Does head extension and
    flexion increase postural instability in elderly subjects when visual
    information is kept constant? Gait & Posture. In Press, Corrected
    Proof. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/09666362

    Heasley K, Buckley JG, Scally A, Twigg P, Elliott DB The effects of
    visual blur on the gait initiation in the elderly when stepping to a
    new level. In Press. Invest Ophthal Visual Science.

    Anand V, Buckley JG, Scally A and Elliott DB. (2003) Postural stability
    changes in the elderly with reversible visual impairment: Cataract
    simulation and refractive blur. Invest Ophthal Visual Science,
    44(11):4670-4675.

    Anand V, Buckley JG, Scally A and Elliott DB. (2003) Postural stability
    in the elderly during sensory perturbations and dual tasking: The
    influence of refractive blur. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 44(7):2885-91.

    Anand V, Buckley JG, Scally A and Elliott DB. (2002) The effect of
    refractive blur on postural stability. Ophthal Physiol Opt, 22:528-534.

    "I've also been involved in some work looking at aspects of dynamic
    stability during stepping by the elderly"

    Buckley JG, Heasley K, Twigg P, Elliott DB. The effects of blurred
    vision on the mechanics of landing during stepping down by the elderly.
    Gait & Posture. In Press, Corrected Proof.
    http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/09666362

    Lark SD, Buckley JG, Bennett S, Jones D and Sargeant A. (2003) Dynamic
    joint stiffness in elderly and young men during stepping down. Clinical
    Biomechanics, 18(9):848-855.

    Lark SD, Buckley JG, Jones D and Sargeant A. (2004) Knee and ankle
    range of motion during stepping in elderly compared to young men. Eur J
    Applied Physiol, 91: 287-295.

    ------------------------------------

    Sharon Joines, PhD
    Director of Research
    The Ergonomics Center of North Carolina

    "There was at least one good study presented at HFES 2003. You might
    check their proceedings."

    I am still in the process of acquiring the proceeding of the conference.

    -------------------------------------
    Peter Reeves, PhD Candidate
    School of Kinesiology
    Simon Fraser University

    T.M. Owings, M.D. Grabiner. Step width variability, but not step length
    variability or step time variability, discriminates gait of healthy young
    and older adults during treadmill locomotion [rapid communication].
    Journal of Biomechanics, Vol 37 Iss 6, pp 935-938.

    -------------------------------------
    Jason Wicke

    William H. Gage, David A. Winter, James S. Frank, Allan L. Adkin. Kinematic
    and kinetic validity of the inverted pendulum model in quiet
    standing. Gait and Posture. 19 (2004) 124–132.

    -------------------------------------
    Aaron Grogan
    Biomedical Engineering
    Boston University

    "You might want to look at the work that Jim Collins (Boston University) is
    doing in this area. He has been investigating galvanic stim and noise
    enhancement of balance control in elderly populations."

    Collins, J. J. and C. J. De Luca (1995). "The effects of visual input on
    open-loop and closed-loop postural control mechanisms." Exp Brain Res
    103(1): 151-63.

    Gravelle, D. C., C. A. Laughton, et al. (2002). "Noise-enhanced balance
    control in older adults." Neuroreport 13(15): 1853-6.

    Laughton, C. A., M. Slavin, et al. (2003). "Aging, muscle activity, and
    balance control: physiologic changes associated with balance impairment."
    Gait Posture 18(2): 101-8.

    Mitchell, S. L., J. J. Collins, et al. (1995). "Open-loop and closed-loop
    postural control mechanisms in Parkinson's disease: increased mediolateral
    activity during quiet standing." Neurosci Lett 197(2): 133-6.

    Priplata, A., J. Niemi, et al. (2002). "Noise-enhanced human balance
    control." Phys Rev Lett 89(23): 238101.

    Priplata, A. A., J. B. Niemi, et al. (2003). "Vibrating insoles and balance
    control in elderly people." Lancet 362(9390): 1123-4.

    Robertson, S., J. Collins, et al. (1994). "The Influence of Skill and
    Intermittent Vision on Dynamic Balance." J Mot Behav 26(4): 333-339.

    Scinicariello, A. P., K. Eaton, et al. (2001). "Enhancing human balance
    control with galvanic vestibular stimulation." Biol Cybern 84(6): 475-80.
    ---------------------------------------




    -- Andrew Pruszynski -- Systems Engineering -- Simon Fraser University --

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