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  • Motor Control (Feldman): BBS Call for Commentators

    Below is the abstract of a forthcoming target article by:
    A.G. Feldman & M.F. Levin
    on:
    POSITIONAL FRAMES OF REFERENCE IN MOTOR CONTROL

    This article has been accepted for publication in Behavioral and Brain
    Sciences (BBS), an international, interdisciplinary journal providing
    Open Peer Commentary on important and controversial current research in
    the biobehavioral and cognitive sciences.

    Commentators must be current BBS Associates or nominated by a current
    BBS Associate. To be considered as a commentator for this article, to
    suggest other appropriate commentators, or for information about how to
    become a BBS Associate, please send email to:

    harnad@clarity.princeton.edu or harnad@pucc.bitnet or write to:
    BBS, 20 Nassau Street, #240, Princeton NJ 08542 [tel: 609-921-7771]

    To help us put together a balanced list of commentators, please give
    some indication of the aspects of the topic on which you would bring
    your areas of expertise to bear if you were selected as a commentator.
    An electronic draft of the full text is available for inspection by
    anonymous ftp according to the instructions that follow after the abstract.
    __________________________________________________ __________________

    POSITIONAL FRAMES OF REFERENCE IN MOTOR CONTROL: ORIGIN AND USE

    Anatol G. Feldman (1,2,4) & Mindy F. Levin (2,3,4)
    Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Montreal (1)
    Research Centre, Rehabilitation Institute of Montreal, H3S 2J4 (2)
    School of Rehabilitation, University of Montreal (3)
    Centre for Research in Neurological Sciences, University of Montreal (4)
    EMAIL:Feldman@ere.umontreal.ca

    KEYWORDS: motor control, frames of reference, motoneurons, control
    variables, proprioception, kinaesthesis, equilibrium points,
    multi-muscle systems, pointing, synergy, redundancy problem.

    ABSTRACT: A hypothesis about sensorimotor integration (the lambda
    model) is described and applied to movement control and
    kinesthesia. The nervous system organizes positional frames of
    reference for the sensorimotor apparatus and produces active
    movements by shifting frames in terms of spatial coordinates.
    Kinematic and electromyographic patterns are not programmed but
    emerge from the dynamic interaction of the system's components,
    including external forces, within the designated frame of
    reference. Motoneuronal threshold properties and proprioceptive
    inputs to motoneurons may be important components in the
    physiological mechanism which produces positional frames of
    reference. The hypothesis that intentional movements are produced
    by shifting the frame of reference is extended to multi-muscle and
    multi-degrees of freedom systems by providing a solution for the
    redundancy problem the allows the control of a joint alone or in
    combination with other joints to produce any desired limb
    configuration and movement trajectory. For each motor behavior, the
    nervous system uses a strategy which minimizes the number of
    changeable control variables and keep sthe parameters of these
    changes invariant. This is illustrated by examples of simulated
    kinematic and electromyographic signals from single- and
    multi-joint arm movements produced by patterns of control
    variables. Empirical support is provided and additional tests are
    suggested. The model is contrasted with others based on the ideas
    of programming of motoneuronal activity, muscle forces, stiffness
    or movement kinematics.

    --------------------------------------------------------------
    To help you decide whether you would be an appropriate commentator for
    this article, an electronic draft is retrievable by anonymous ftp from
    princeton.edu according to the instructions below (the filename is
    bbs.feldman). Please do not prepare a commentary on this draft.
    Just let us know, after having inspected it, what relevant expertise
    you feel you would bring to bear on what aspect of the article.
    The file is also retrievable using archie, gopher, and World-Wide Web

    URLs (Universal Resource Locators):
    ftp://princeton.edu/pub/harnad/BBS/
    gopher://gopher.princeton.edu/1ftp%3aprinceton.edu%40/pub/harnad/BBS/
    http://192.190.21.10/wic/psych.02.html

    -------------------------------------------------------------
    To retrieve a file by ftp from an Internet site, type either:
    ftp princeton.edu
    or
    ftp 128.112.128.1
    When you are asked for your login, type:
    anonymous
    Enter password as queried (your password is your actual userid:
    yourlogin@yourhost.whatever.whatever - be sure to include the "@")
    cd /pub/harnad/BBS
    To show the available files, type:
    ls
    Next, retrieve the file you want with (for example):
    get bbs.feldman
    When you have the file(s) you want, type:
    quit
    ----------
    Where the above procedure is not available there are two fileservers:
    ftpmail@decwrl.dec.com
    and
    bitftp@pucc.bitnet
    that will do the transfer for you. To one or the
    other of them, send the following one line message:
    help
    for instructions (which will be similar to the above, but will be in
    the form of a series of lines in an email message that ftpmail or
    bitftp will then execute for you).

    JANET users without ftp can instead utilise the file transfer facilities
    at sites uk.ac.ft-relay or uk.ac.nsf.sun. Full details are available on
    request.
    -------------------------------------------------------------
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