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  • Helmets: summary of replies

    Dear Biomch-L readers,

    Here is a summary of the replies I received to my initial enquiry about research
    into helmets. The responses I got were extremely helpful, and I must thank
    everyone who replied to me. The work by Bishop on Ice Hockey helmets was
    particularly useful.

    We also found several references to African women carrying large loads (up to
    70% of body weight) unsupported on the head, with small effects on oxygen
    consumption. (Maloiy et al., Nature vol.319, p668-669, 1986). We also had
    great fun impersonating "Turtle Neck" syndrome! Thanks again,

    Andrew Brammall

    Original posting:
    Dear Biomch-L readers,

    We are involved in a research project looking at the biomechanics of helmet
    design, with a view to studying the effects of fatigue and weight distribution.
    An initial trawl of the references has turned up many papers looking at helmet
    impacts and so on, but not a lot of detail on load carriage. Does anyone have
    any suggestions of references to look at, or good people to talk to? We will
    post a list of replies as usual.

    Thanks in advance,

    Andrew Brammall

    and replies:

    From: Tim Smith
    Subject: Re: helmet loads
    To: Multiple recipients of list BIOMCH-L

    Sorry no direct references for you, but try asking about 'turtle neck' in
    military. Riding in Jeeps with steel helmets in WWII led the GIs to brace
    themselves and their necks for the jolting acceleration of the vehicles.
    When the helmets were removed and they drove off in the Jeep they would
    anticipate the helmets inertia and stick their heads far forward, hence the
    above phrase. Maybe you can get something there. Don't know of/if
    associated neck injuries.
    Tim Smith

    2)

    An excellent person to,talk to is Dr. Jim Newman of Biokinetics and
    Associates in Ottawa, Canada 2470 Don Reid Road 613-736-0384. Hope this is
    helpful

    David A. Dainty, Ph.D.
    CHEDS Enterprises
    85 Thorncliffe Park Drive
    Suite 4007
    Toronto, Ontario M4H 1L6
    CANADA

    3)
    Dear Andrew,

    We are busy with research slightly related to the field you talk
    about. The following reference might point you in the right
    direction.

    Buhrman JR, Perry CE, "Human and mannekin Head/Neck Response to
    +Gz Acceleration when encumbered by helmets of various weights."
    Avaition, Space and Environmental Medicine, December 1994.

    I'd like to hear you you progress.

    Regards
    Jaco Botes

    __________________________________________________ __________
    | |
    | ERGOTECH Fax : (+27)/(0) 12 45-3914 |
    | Ergonomics Consultants Voice : (+27)/(0) 12 428-0523 (W) |
    | PO Box 7063 : (+27)/(0) 83 263-3788 (C) |
    | Pretoria : (+27)/(0) 12 345-3013 (H) |
    | South Africa |
    | 0001 Internet : jaco@dendex.denel.co.za |
    |_________________________________________________ ___________|

    4)
    I know that Dr. King Liu, formerly at the University of Iowa, performed
    some moment of inertia studies regarding helmets. Though these were all
    in vitro experiments, the data could be useful for load carrying.

    Hans Hoffman

    5)
    Andrew -- I did some work in the past with one of the groups at
    Wright-Patterson Air Force Base's Aerospace Medicine Research Labs.
    They were working a few years ago on the effects of helmet-mounted
    devices (cameras, etc.) on head/neck kinematics during flight and
    during extraordinary events such as an ejection. I don't have any
    specific references for you, but you can contact Louise Obergefell,
    a scientist with AMRL, at 513-255-3665. -- Brian
    ---
    Brian J. Doherty

    6)
    Dear Andrew Brammall:

    You may be interested by the following paper:

    Gauthier, Martin, & Stark (1986). Adapted head- and eye-movement responses
    to added-head inertia. Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine 57:336-342.



    ----------------------------------------------
    Jean Blouin
    UMR CNRS Mouvement et Perception
    Faculte des Sciences du sport
    Universite de la Mediterranee
    163, avenue de Luminy C.P. 910
    13009 Marseille France
    courrier electronique: blouin@laps.univ-mrs.fr
    fax: (33) 91 17 22 52
    page Web: http://laps.univ-mrs.fr
    ----------------------------------------------

    7)
    Dear Andrew:

    Try to look up papers by these two authors ...

    1. Petrofsy - he did work on the effect of the weight of an aircrew helmet
    on a subject's head by evaluating neck emg activity.

    2. Bishop, P.J. - he did work on the load distribution characteristics of
    ice hockey helmets - he describes the effect of adding a facemask to overall
    helmet weight and helmet cg distribution. He also gives some insight
    regarding neck moments required to offset this change in helmet cg.

    I can probably find the detailed references if you run into a roadblock.

    Regards,


    Terry Smith
    USC Head Protection Research Lab
    Los Angeles, California

    8)

    Don't know of published info specifically on helmets, but you might try Grand
    Prix motor racing or perhaps Indycar racing. Some years ago (and maybe
    currently) the drivers would wear straps from helmet to cockpit side to control
    head movements from A/P and lateral G-forces. Neck pain in GP drivers
    significantly more common than controls (Burton AK, Sandover J. Back pain in
    Grand Prix drivers: a found experiment. Appl Erg 1987; 18: 3-8)
    Kim Burton, Spinal Research Unit, University of Huddersfield, 30 Queen St,
    Huddersfield, UK

    9)

    Hello,

    I teach a fourth year biomechanics class, and the students
    are required to complete a research paper on a topic of their
    choice. One student looked into the function of the inner linings
    of sports helments. The references she found for the paper are
    listed on the web at url:

    http://juliet.stfx.ca/people/fac/edemont/401/pro96.html


    I also had another student looking into it about a year ago,
    since I am interested in soft materials. It seems that there
    is virtually nothing known about what the inner lining actually
    does!

    My research interests are described on our web page, at

    http://juliet.stfx.ca/people/fac/edemont/biomechanics-lab.html


    Good luck with your search.

    Edwin DeMont
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