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Re: Humidity Chamber and Optotrack Measurements

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  • Re: Humidity Chamber and Optotrack Measurements

    On Wed, 7 May 1997, Darrell Goertzen wrote:

    >
    > PART 2. We will be using an Optotrack 3020 (active infrared markers)
    > to record rigid body motion during testing in the above mentioned chamber.
    > Therefore, a clear plastic? glass? barrier will be between the camera and
    > the markers. We have not yet done a calibration check under these conditions
    > and anticipate some kind of effect due to this barrier.
    >
    > The only similiar reference I have found is a paper by Lam et al.,
    > (Calibration Characteristics of a Video Dimension
    > Analyser (VDA) System, J Biomech 25(10):1227-1231 1992) which assessed the
    > calibration of a 2D visible light measurement system with a 6.4mm thick,
    > low-refractive index glass between the camera and specimen. They found
    > changes in the calibration parameters with the glass and also by varying the
    > angle of incidence.
    >
    > I would be happy to hear from anyone with experience using an Optotrack (or
    > other active infrared system) with a clear sheet between the cameras and
    > markers, or thoughts about distortion of 3D measurements, best type of
    > material, etc.

    Darrell:

    Just a quick note to help you with your "barrier"
    problem.

    If you arrange things properly, your "barrier" can
    become simply another element in the lens of your
    camera, but a material with uniform optical
    properties is essential if you intend to make any
    useful correction. Cheap plastics do not qualify.
    However, if you choose a reasonably good quality
    glass, the effects of the refraction will be
    consistent and uniform.

    If the optical axis of your lens(es) are aligned
    orthogonal to the glass, the effect produced by the
    "additional element" can be modelled as pure radial
    distortion. If, on the other hand, the optical
    axis of the lens(es) strikes the glass surface
    at an oblique angle, then the effect should be
    modelled with both radial and tangential
    components.

    There is a relatively small body of literature dealing
    with models of both radial and tangential distortion.
    As a start, you might want to take a look at some
    of the references cited in my doctoral dissertation:

    Walton, James S. "Close Range Cine-Photogrammetry:
    A Generalized Technique for Quantifying Gross Human
    Motion". Doctoral Dissertation, The Pennsylvania
    State University, 1981.

    I'm traveling at the moment and don't have access
    to additional details. If you drop me a note in
    a couple of weeks, I'll see if I can find some
    additional material for you.

    As a postscript, for others on the biomechanics list,
    anytime an air/water, air/glass interface is
    introduced into the path of optical rays, the
    effect can be modelled as optical distortion.
    I've added this footnote, because I think the
    approach might be helpful for those involved
    with 3-D analyses of swimmers.

    I've found that the best approach under these
    circumstances is to first "map" the image-forming
    properties of each "lens" (i.e., all refractive
    surfaces involved in the view) and then go on to
    the actual 3-D reconstruction.

    Hope this helps.

    Sincerely,

    Jim Walton
    Chair-Elect (1998-2000)
    SPIE Working Group on High-Speed Photography,
    Videography and Photonics.

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