Announcement

Collapse
No announcement yet.

Bone Properties - Summary

Collapse
This topic is closed.
X
X
 
  • Filter
  • Time
  • Show
Clear All
new posts

  • Bone Properties - Summary

    Dear All,

    I would like to thank everyone who replied to my request for
    information regarding the mechanical properties of human bone. The
    references suggested have provided me with sufficient information to
    continue with my finite element analysis. There was a typing error
    in the original posting as I was noconsidering bone to be an
    isotropic material, I was of course considering bone to be
    ANISOTROPIC.


    A summary of the replies received are provided below along with a
    reminder of the original posting.

    Cheers

    Paul.

    *********************Original Posting************************

    Dear All,

    I am desperate to find some references that will give me the
    mechanical properties of the cortical bone in the human femur.
    This information is required in order to carry out a finite element
    analysis.

    The most relevant parameters are Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio and
    shear modulus. As we are regarding bone as an isotropic material it
    is necessary to determine these values in three mutually orthogonal
    co-ordinate directions.

    All values and references will be gratefully accepted. A summary of
    replies will be posted as and when the replies cease to roll in.

    Thanking you in advance.

    Paul.

    ********************Collective Replies*************************

    From: "Smit, Th.H."
    To: "'P. STEPHENSON'"
    Subject: RE: Bone
    properties Date sent: Tue, 19 Aug 1997 11:03:04 +0200

    Dear Paul,

    it is really not very difficult to find plenty of information on the
    material properties of cortical bone in the literature. I would
    suggest a quick MEDLINE analysis with the relevant keywords. Some
    authors who could be of interest to you include Burstein, Currey,
    Cowin, Evans, Frankel and Yamada. Most of their work on the material
    properties of bone is more than 20 years old. Succes.

    Theo Smit

    __________________________________________________ ____________

    Date sent: Tue, 19 Aug 97 18:12:33 +0900
    To: mrpps@leeds.ac.uk
    From: hayashi@mother.me.es.osaka-u.ac.jp (HAYASHI
    kozaburo) Subject: Re: Bone Properties

    Dear Dr. Stephenson:

    I suggest you to refer to "Data Book on Mechanical Properties of
    Living Cells, Tissues, and Organs" which was edited by H. Abe, K.
    Hayashi, and M. Sato and published from Springer-Verlag in 1996.
    Almost all data of biological materials including bone which appeared
    in literature for the past 20 years are presented in graphs and tables
    (one type of data per page) arranged in an easily accessible manner,
    along with details of the origin of the material and the experimental
    method.

    Sincerely yours,

    Kozaburo Hayashi

    __________________________________________________ __

    From: "Julie Matthews"
    To:
    Subject: properties of bone
    Date sent: Tue, 19 Aug 1997 12:51:23 +0200

    Paul,

    Check out Biomechanics: Mechanical properties of living tissue by YC
    Young, I seem to remember he had what you are looking for.

    Julie
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------
    ---- Julie Matthews. M.Sc Bioengineer The Institute for Applied
    Biotechnology Medicinaregatan 8B 413 46 Göteborg, Sweden Phone 46
    (0)31-416337 or 411241 Fax 46 (0)31-414560 email
    Bioteknologen@swipnet.se

    __________________________________________________ ___

    Date sent: Tue, 19 Aug 1997 12:56:38 +0200
    From: Ulrich Hartmann
    Organization: Max-Planck-Institut fuer neuropsychologische
    Forschung To: mrpps@south-01.novell.leeds.ac.uk Subject:
    mechanical properties

    Dear P. STEPHENSON,

    I know it's hard to find mechanical properties of "human material". I
    have some values for Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio for the human
    skull. But I am not sure if they are reliable. Here they are:

    E of the skull : 6.5 10^6 kPa
    Poisson : 0.2(2)
    density : 1412 kg/m^3

    These values have been published in the paper:

    Finite element modeling of head impact:
    The second decade (1993) by A.A.H.J Sauren and M.H.A. Claessens
    presented at IRCOBI Conference 1993

    I hope this helps a little.
    Good luck!
    --
    Ulrich Hartmann,
    Max-Planck-Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience
    Inselstrasse 22-26, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
    E-mail: hartmann@cns.mpg.de, Phone : +49-341-9940-213

    __________________________________________________ __

    From: Leadbetter Rhona
    To: "P. STEPHENSON"
    Subject: RE: Bone
    properties Date sent: Tue, 19 Aug 1997 12:32:00 +0100

    Paul,

    You may want to look up the following references;

    Abendschein & Hyatt '70
    Ashman et al '84
    Boeree et al '93
    Burstein et al '76 - JBJS, Vol 58A, No 1, pp. 82-86
    Currey & Butler '75 -
    Evans & Lebow '52
    Keller et al '90 - J of Orthop Res, 8(4), pp. 592-603
    Kimura & Amtmann '84
    Ko '53
    Lappi et al '79
    Reilly & Burstein '75 - J Biomech, Vol 8, pp. 393-405
    Sedlin '65
    Smith & Smith '76
    Yamada '70 Strength of Biological Materials, ed. Evans, FG, Williams &
    Wilkins, Baltimore, MD, USA Yokoo '52 - J Kyoto Pref Med Univ, No 51,
    pp. 291-313


    Sorry I don't have more details on the others. Good luck.

    Rhona Leadbetter.

    __________________________________________________

    Date sent: Tue, 19 Aug 1997 22:03:41 +1000
    To: "P. STEPHENSON"
    From: Arthur Brandwood
    Subject: Re: Bone Properties

    Paul,

    These figures are well known and have been in the literature a long
    time. Of course there's a certain amount of biological variation to
    contend with.

    Did you really mean ISOTROPIC? Cortical bone is anything but... The
    estimates of all the elastic constants for anisotropic bone have been
    published. You might want to go back about 15-20 years and look for
    papers by W Bonfield et al. in J. Mat. Sci and other journals for the
    definitive work on bone fracture mechanics and elasticity.
    Alternatively any decent Biomechanics textbook will give some guide to
    the average values. Look for works by Alexander (Prof of Zoology at
    Leeds or John Currey (Prof of Biology at York).

    Try the University library. The papers were there when I did my Ph.D
    at leeds in 1983... ;-)

    Arthur Brandwood

    -------------------------------------------------------------------
    Arthur Brandwood PhD Arthur.Brandwood@hcn.net.au
    Head, Biomaterials & Engineering TGA Laboratories Branch Therapeutic
    Goods Administration Tel: +61 (0)6 232 8694 PO Box 100,
    Woden, ACT 2606, Australia Fax: +61 (0)6 232 8555

    __________________________________________________ ___

    Date sent: Tue, 19 Aug 1997 11:07:18 -0100
    To: "P. STEPHENSON"
    From: bourauel@uni-bonn.de (Christoph Bourauel) Subject:
    Re: Bone properties

    Dear Paul,

    you should check for

    'Data Book on Mechanical Properties of Living Cells, Tissues, and
    Organs'.

    Eds.: Abe, Hayashi, Sato, Spinger, 1996 (ISBN 4-431-70175-3).

    I don't know whether you can find data on anisotropic behaviour but I
    hope this helps nevertheless.

    Greetings

    Christoph

    ************************************************** ********************
    **** * Dr.rer.nat. Christoph Bourauel | Tel.: ++49 228 287 2332
    / 2388 * * Abteilungsleiter Experimentelle KFO | Fax: ++49
    228 287 2444 * * Poliklinik f. KFO |
    * * Universitaet Bonn |
    umz400@ibm.rhrz.uni-bonn.de * * Welschnonnenstr. 17
    | or: bourauel@uni-bonn.de * * 53111 Bonn
    | *
    ************************************************** ********************
    ****

    __________________________________________________ _____

    Date sent: Tue, 19 Aug 1997 12:32:08 +0000
    From: Rakotomanana
    Organization: Biomedical Engineering Laboratory To:
    mrpps@leeds.ac.uk Subject: Bone


    Hi,

    See "Bone biomechanics" ed. S Cowin, 1989, Boca Raton

    Good luck.
    __________________________________________________ ________________
    Lalaonirina RAKOTOMANANA Physics Department, 1015 Lausanne,
    Switzerland mailto:Lalao.Rakotomanana@ipa.dp.epfl.ch
    http://lgmwww.epfl.ch/staff/lalao/home.html
    __________________________________________________ ________________

    __________________________________________________ _________________

    DATE SENT: TUE, 19 AUG 1997 10:33:55 -0400 (EDT)
    FROM: DEAN INGLIS
    TO: "P. STEPHENSON"
    SUBJECT: RE: BONE PROPERTIES

    DEAR PAUL:

    I AM NOT SURE WHAT YOU MEAN WHEN YOU SAY "THREE MUTUALLY
    ORTHOGONAL..." IF YOU ARE CONSIDERING BONE AS AN ISOTROPIC MATERIAL.
    THERE ARE ONLY TWO INDEPENDENT ELASTIC CONSTANTS FOR ISOTROPIC
    MATERIALS: ONE ELASTIC MODULUS (E) AND ONE POISSON'S RATIO (V), THE
    SHEAR MODULUS IS GIVEN BY G=E/(2(1+V)). IN ANY EVENT, YOU WILL FIND A
    GREAT DEAL OF INFORMATION ON CORTICAL BONE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES IN
    LITERATURE SOURCES SUCH AS JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS, JOURNAL OF
    BIOMECHANICAL ENGINEERING, OR JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY.
    TYPICALLY, RESEARCH ON ISOTROPIC PROPERTIES HAS FOCUSED ON DETERMINING
    A BEST FIT POWER RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN APPARENT DENSITY AND ELASTIC
    MODULUS FROM MECHANICAL TESTS. AS A START, LOOK AT KELLER, T. S.,
    "PREDICTING THE COMPRESSIVE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR OF BONE", J.
    BIOMECHANICS, VOL. 27, NO. 9, PP. 1159-1168, 1994. ALSO, HUISKES, R.
    AND CHAO, E. Y. S., "A SURVEY OF FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS IN ORTHOPEDIC
    BIOMECHANICS: THE FIRST DECADE", J. BIOMECHANICS, VOL. 16, NO. 6, PP.
    385-409, 1983, WILL GIVE YOU AN EXCELLENT OVERVIEW OF FINITE ELEMENT
    ANALYSES APPLIED TO BONE. THE LITERATURE REVIEWS AT THE ENDS OF THESE
    PAPERS SHOULD POINT YOU TO WHAT YOU ARE LOOKING FOR.

    GOOD LUCK

    DEAN INGLIS
    DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
    MCMASTER UNIVERSITY
    HAMILTON, ONTARIO
    CANADA

    __________________________________________________ _______

    Date sent: Tue, 19 Aug 1997 11:26:35 -0500
    To: "P. STEPHENSON"
    From: "Kevin E. Healy" Subject:
    Re: Bone Properties

    Seek out Jonathan Black. He edited a text that should be out by now
    on the material properties of biological tissue. I wrote a chapter on
    dentin and enamel, but I have not seen the book published. Dr. Black
    was once on the faculty at the University of Pennsylvania, in the
    Dept. of Biomedical Engineering. Good luck.

    Kevin E. Healy, Ph.D.
    Associate Professor
    Division of Biological Materials
    Northwestern University
    Ward Bldg. 10-116
    311 E. Chicago Ave.
    Chicago, IL 60611-3008

    Telephone: (312) 503-4735
    Facsimile: (312) 503-2440
    e-mail: kehealy@nwu.edu

    __________________________________________________

    Date sent: Tue, 19 Aug 1997 17:43:40 -0500 (CDT)
    To: mrpps@south-01.novell.leeds.ac.uk
    From: "Susan Bloomfield Ph.D."
    Subject: Re: File: "BIOMCH-L POSTINGS"


    Paul: almost certainly you will find this information in Martin and
    Burr book on cortical bone. Title is close to "Structure and
    Mechanical Properties of Cortical Bone", published about 1990. Good
    luck. Sue Bloomfield (of Texas A&M University, visiting Mayo Clinic)

    __________________________________________________ __

    Date sent: 20 Aug 97 13:47:50 +0800
    Subject: Re: Bone Properties
    From:
    "hfitton@cyllene.uwa.edu.au" To:
    "P. STEPHENSON"


    try looking up the work of Neil Broome-this is exactly the type of
    thing he was doing. Worked in Auckland New Zealand in the late
    eighties. Cheers Helen
    --------------------------------------------------------------- Dr J
    Helen Fitton Research Fellow (09)3461530 (09)3461466 FAX (09)3821171
    email hfitton@cyllene.uwa.edu.au Lions Eye Institute, Verdun Street,
    Nedlands, Perth
    --_|\
    / LIONS\
    \*.--._/
    v

    ---------------------------------------------------------------

    __________________________________________________

    From: "Rhona Phelps"
    Organization: Industrial Research Limited
    To: mrpps@south-01.novell.leeds.ac.uk
    Date sent: Wed, 20 Aug 1997 08:39:27 GMT+1200
    Subject: Re: Bone properties
    Priority: normal

    Dear Paul

    I am a relativley new recruit to NZ, but a new collegue of mine
    recently completed his PhD looking at the mechanics and material
    properties of cancellous bone of the femoral head.

    He established the isotropic properties by taking measurements in the
    3 planes for bone cubes. If you would like to find out exactly what
    he did and what his findings were, his name is Iain Anderson and you
    can contact him at i.anderson@irl.cri.nz.

    Regards
    Rhona



    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    Rhona Phelps PhD Industrial Research
    Ltd Research Engineer P.O.Box 2225
    Engineering Dynamics Auckland Biomechanics
    Group New Zealand

    Email: r.phelps@irl.cri.nz
    Tel: +64 9 3034116
    Fax: +64 9 3070618

    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

    __________________________________________________-

    From: "Chris Connor"
    Organization: SST University of Teesside
    To: mrpps@south-01.novell.leeds.ac.uk
    Date sent: Wed, 20 Aug 1997 10:46:33 GMT
    Subject: Re: Bone properties
    Priority: normal

    Hi Paul

    No doubt you'll have received several replies by now, so I'm sorry if
    these are repeats or not as useful as other replies. This isnt really
    my area, as I am studying the nakle, and here at the Uni we have
    carried out FE on the patella, ankle, metatarsals and lumbar
    vertebrae. During the course of my work, I have come across several
    papers that may be of some use to you, and you should find that there
    have been a great deal of studies of the femur. eg.
    valliapen,Svensson,Wood 1977 harris,Chao,Block,Weingarten (1978)
    Rohlmann,bergmann,Kolbel (1979) etc. Some of the works I would
    recommend in this field (although they might not include the exact
    data you require they should point you to it) include: Dalstra M,
    Huiskes R, van Erning. Development & validation of a 3D FE model of
    the pelvic bone. Trans. ASME - biotechnology Vol 117 1995 August pp
    272-278

    Finite elements in biomechanics. Ed. Gallagher RH,Simon PC et al.
    1982, J Wiley & sons.

    Bone mechanics. S. Cowin. CRC Press 1989.

    Sorry I couldn't be of more help, but if I come across any data I'll
    pass it on asap. There's plenty out there so you should have no
    problems.

    Best of luck,
    pp 272-278





    Chris Connor email: C.J.Connor@tees.ac.uk
    School of Science & Technology Tel.: 01642 342494
    University of Teesside Fax.: 01642 342401
    Middlesbrough
    Cleveland TS1 3BA
    England
    UK

    _______________________________________________

    From: Paul Smith
    To: "'P. STEPHENSON'"
    Subject: RE: Bone
    properties Date sent: Wed, 20 Aug 1997 09:33:42 -0230

    Hi Paul,

    I have been doing the same sort of work and have faced the same
    problems. I am doing some materials testing in addition to my FE work
    and I hope to use some of the data in my model. Specificly I have
    mechanically tested an intact femur and subsequently sl

    I would appreciate some more details on your work. It sounds similar
    to what I am doing. Maybe we can be of assistance to each other.

    Sincerely,
    Paul Smith

    Date sent: Wed, 20 Aug 1997 09:14:23 -0400
    From: Jonathan Black
    To: mrpps@SOUTH-01.NOVELL.LEEDS.AC.UK
    Subject: Re: Bone Properties

    Look for the soon to be published:

    Black/Hastings: Handbook of Biomaterial Properties (Chapman + Hall)
    (planned for early 1998).

    Until then, contact John Curry at York University (John Currey
    ) the super maven of bone properties.

    ----Jonathan Black

    IMN Biomaterials
    409 Dorothy Drive
    King of Prussia, PA 19406

    _______________________________________________

    Date sent: Wed, 20 Aug 1997 11:12:36 -0300 (ADT)
    To: mrpps@south-01.novell.leeds.ac.uk
    From: smitht@unb.ca (Tim Smith)
    Subject: bones

    Hi,

    run a literature search using the name Ashman, (Richard). J.
    Biomechanics, around '85-86 I think. Ultrasonics base modulus, nice
    review of earlier work/properties. bye, Tim Smith


    ______________________________________________

    Date sent: Wed, 20 Aug 1997 15:51:07 -0500
    From: Shreefal Mehta
    To: mrpps@SOUTH-01.NOVELL.LEEDS.AC.UK
    Subject: Bone Properties -Reply



    Dear All,

    The most relevant parameters are Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio and
    shear modulus. As we are regarding bone as an isotropic material it
    is necessary to determine these values in three mutually orthogonal
    co-ordinate directions


    Paul,

    Here is a reference thatcontains stiffness matrix values: (you can
    convert the stiffness values into technical constants such as moduli -
    Young's and shear and also Poisson's ratios by a simple matrix
    inversion and then extraction...).

    Katz JL, Meunier, A. J Biomech 20:1063-1070

    Or here are some technical constants taken from Reilly and Burstein, J
    Biomech, 8:393

    E long axis = 17GPa (3 is along long axis and 1 is transverse)
    E trsv axis = 11.5 GPa
    G torsion around long axis = 3.3 GPa
    Poisson's ratios in long axis loading = 0.46 and
    Poisson's ratios in trsv axis loading = 0.58

    There are many other references available in Bone Mechanics edited by
    Cowin, CRC press.

    Good luck.

    P.S. You should also take heed of a paper in J Biomech recently which
    described the dangers of ignoring the anisotropy of the bone
    properties while using FEM models... J Biomech 29:261-269

    Shreefal Mehta
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    Shreefal Mehta, Ph.D.
    Assistant Professor,

    Dept of Radiology -9071,
    Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
    5323 Harry Hines Blvd.,
    Dallas, TX 75235-9071

    Phone: (214)-648-2397
    Fax: (214)-648-7513
    Email: smehta@mednet.swmed.edu

    Check it out:
    http://www.swmed.edu/home_pages/ucrlab/
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

    ______________________________________________

    Date sent: Wed, 20 Aug 97 21:46:38 UT
    From: "Andrew Hart"
    To: "P. STEPHENSON"
    Subject: RE: Bone properties

    Hi,

    You could try using the values of 24,100 MPa. for E and 0.28 for the
    poissons ratio. Shear mod can easily be derived from these two.

    Regards,

    Dr. A. Hart

    __________________________________________________

    From: "Chris Connor"
    Organization: SST University of Teesside
    To: mrpps@south-01.novell.leeds.ac.uk
    Date sent: Thu, 21 Aug 1997 16:04:21 GMT
    Subject: Re: Bone properties - again
    Priority: normal

    Hello again Paul

    Here's another reference that I have fond since my last message.
    I don't have the paper in question, but by its title it should prove
    very useful to you and should include something on properties.

    Three dimensional shape reconstruction and FE analysis of the femur
    before & after the cementless type of total hip replacement. Kang YK,
    Park HC, Youm Y, Lee IK, Ann MH, Ihn JC J. Biomed Eng 1993 Nov. 15(6)
    pp 497-504.

    Just out of interest, as I have been working on this field (FE) for
    the past 18 months, what kind of analysis do you intend to perform??
    Using what package ?? How did you build your model and how accurate is
    it??

    Regards,
    Chris Connor email: C.J.Connor@tees.ac.uk
    School of Science & Technology Tel.: 01642 342494
    University of Teesside Fax.: 01642 342401
    Middlesbrough
    Cleveland TS1 3BA
    England
    UK

    ______________________________________________

    Date sent: Thu, 21 Aug 1997 20:48:35 -0400
    Send reply to: "Dr. Tyler A. Kress"
    From: "Dr. Tyler A. Kress"
    Subject: Re: Bone properties
    To: BIOMCH-L@NIC.SURFNET.NL

    Check authors:

    1) Yamada,
    2) Evans, and
    3) Cohen (CRC on Bone Mechanics)

    Good luck.

    Tyler A. Kress, Ph.D.
    The University of Tennessee
    153 Alumni Memorial Building
    Knoxville, TN 37996-1506
    Phone: (423) 974-3333
    Fax: (423) 974-0588

    ______________________________________________


    To: mrpps@leeds.ac.uk
    Date sent: Wed, 27 Aug 1997 13:06:52 +0100
    Subject: bone properties
    Priority: normal

    Paul,
    re Biomech-L request for information on bone properties:
    Try a search on A.Hamer and myself, over the last few years.
    We published some info. on bone strength.

    Rob Strachan
    Medical Physics
    Royal Hallamshire Hospital
    Sheffield

    J.R.Strachan@sheffield.ac.uk

    ________________________________________________

    Date sent: Wed, 27 Aug 1997 19:34:30 -0300
    To: mrpps@south-01.novell.leeds.ac.uk
    From: Pablo
    Subject: desesperate answer

    Amigo Paul

    El módulo de elasticidad de los huesos,(es un material
    anisotropo que),varía fuertemente de la zona
    cortical a la zona esponjosa.
    Los valores que podemos reportar para huesos largos (femur) en
    ZONA CORTICAL, obtenidos por ensayor uniaxiales son :

    Módulo = 16000 MPa (tensión)
    Módulo = 9000 MPa (compresión)
    Módulo = 6000 MPa (Shear)
    mu = 0,3 ( Poisson's ratio)


    Para huesos ESPONJOSOS, el valor del Módulo es aproximadamente
    1/6 del CORTICAL.

    Espero que esta información sea de utilidad para tu trabajo.
    Afectuosamente

    Ing. Francisco Ciccone
    B I O M A T

    Director

    B I O M A T
    Investigación en Biomateriales
    Universidad Tecnologica Nacional
    Facultad Regional La Plata
    Calle 60 y 124 - cp.1900
    La Plata - Argentina

    E-Mail fciccone@frlp.utn.edu.ar

    **********************End of Collective
    Replies*************************
Working...
X