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  • Summary of responses: inertial properties of tennis racquets

    Thanks to all the prompt and very helpful responses to my request. I have
    compiled the references below.

    Sincerely,

    Darrell Burko


    Anyone for slower tennis. 1992. New Scientist, 2 May. p.24-28

    Hatze H: Objective biomechanical determination of tennis racket properties.
    Int J Spt Biomech 1992 8:272-287

    Brody H: Physics of the tennis racket.
    Am J Physics 1979 47(6):482-487

    Brody H: Physics of the tennis racket 2: The sweet spot.
    Am J Phys 1991 49(9):816-819

    Brody H: The moment of inertia of a tennis racket.
    Physics Teacher April 1985:213-217

    Brody H: Vibration damping of tennis rackets.
    Int J Spt Biomech 1989 5:451-456

    Tennis Science for tennis players by Howard Brody.

    Pagano C, Carello C, and Turvey MT (1996). Exteroception and
    exproprioception by dynamic touch are different functions of the inertia
    tensor. Perception & Psychophysics 58(8), 1191 - 1202.



    Baker, J., & Wilson, B. (1978). The effect of tennis racquet stiffness and
    string tension on ball velocity after impact. Research Quarterly for
    Exercise and Sport, 49(3), 255-259.

    * Baker, J., & Putnam, C., (1979). Tennis Racquet and Ball Responses During
    Impact Under Clamped and Freestanding Conditions. Research Quarterly,
    50(2), 164-170.

    Beiser, A. (1986). Physics, (4), 262. Addison Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.

    Blievernicht, J. G. (1968). Accuracy in the Tennis Forehand Drive:
    Cinematographic Analysis. Research Quarterly, (39), 776-779.

    Brannigan, M., & Adali, S. (1981). Mathematical modelling and simulation of
    a tennis racquet. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, (1), 44-53.

    * Brody, H. (1979). Physics of the tennis racquet. American Journal of
    Physics, 47(6), 482-487.

    * Brody, H. (1981). Physics of the tennis racquet II: The "sweet spot".
    American Journal of Physics, 49(9), 816-819.

    * Brody, H. (1987). Models of Tennis Racquet Impacts. International Journal
    of Sport Biomechanics, (3), 293-296.

    Brody, H. (1989). Vibration Damping of Tennis Racquets. International
    Journal of Sport Biomechanics, (5), 451-456.

    Elliott, B.C. (1982a). The influence of tennis racquet flexibility and
    string tension on rebound velocity following a dynamic impact. Research
    Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 53(4), 277-281.

    * Elliott, B.C. (1982b). Tennis: The Influence of Grip Tightness on
    Reaction Impulse and Rebound Velocity. Medicine and Science in Sports and
    Exercise, 14(5), 348-352.

    Elliott, B.C. (1990). Stroke production in tennis. National Sports Research
    Program - State of the Art Review. (27) 2-7.

    Elliott, B.C. Blanksby, B.A., & Ellis, R. (1980). Vibration and rebound
    velocity characteristics of conventional and oversized tennis racquets.
    Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 51(4), 608-615.

    Elliott, B.C. Marsh, A.P. Overheu, P.R. (1987). The Mechanics of the Lendl
    and Conventional Tennis Forehands: A Coach's Perspective, Sports Coach,
    11(2), 4-9

    Elliott, B.C. Marsh, A.P. Overheu, P.R. (1989). The Topspin Backhand Drive
    in Tennis: A Biomechanical Analysis. Journal of Human Movement Studies,
    16(1), 1-16.

    Ellis, R., Elliott, B., & Blanksby, B. (1978). The effect of string type
    and tension in jumbo and regular sized racquets. Sports Coach, 2(4), 32-34.

    * Grabiner, M., Groppel, J., Campbell, K. (1983). Resultant tennis ball
    velocity as a function of off-centre impact and grip firmness. Medicine and
    Science in Sports and Exercise, 15(6), 542-544.

    * Goldsmith, W. (1960). Impact: The Theory and Physical Behaviour of
    Colliding Bodies. Suffolk: Richard Clay & Company, Ltd.

    Groppel, J., Shin, I., Spotts, J., & Hill, B. (1987a). Effects of different
    string tension patterns and racquet motion on tennis racquet-ball impact.
    International Journal of Sports Biomechanics, (3), 142-158.

    Groppel, J., Shin, I., Thomas, J., & Welk, G. (1987b). The effects of
    string type and tension on impact in midsized and oversized tennis
    racquets. International Journal of Sports Biomechanics, 3, 40-46.

    * Halliday, D., & Rensick, R. (1988). Fundamentals of Physics. (3), John
    Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Hatze, H. (1994). Impact Probability Distribution, Sweet Spot, and the
    Concept of an Effective Power Region in Tennis Rackets. Journal of Applied
    Biomechanics, 10, 43-50.

    * Hatze, H. (1993). The Relationship Between the Coefficient of Restitution
    and Energy Losses in Tennis Racquets. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 9,
    124-142.

    Hatze, H. (1992a). Objective Biomechanical Determination of Tennis Racquet
    Properties. International Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 8, 175-287.

    * Hatze, H. (1992b). The Effectiveness of Grip Bands in Reducing Racquet
    Vibration Transfer and Slipping. Medicine and Science in Sports and
    Exercise, 24(20), 226-230

    * Hatze, H. (1976). Forces and duration of impact, and grip tightness
    during the tennis stroke. Medicine and Science in Sports, 8(2), 88-95.

    Hay, G. (1978). The Biomechanics of Sports Techniques. (2), 67-74.
    Prentice/Hall International, Inc.

    * Hennig, E., Rosenbaum, D., & Milani, T. (1992). Transfer of Tennis
    Racquet Vibrations onto the Human Forearm. Medicine and Science in Sports
    and Exercise, 1134-1140.

    Knudson, D. (1991a) Effect of String Type and Tension on Ball Vertical
    Angle of Rebound in Static Tennis Impacts, Journal of Human Movement
    Studies, (20), 39-47.

    Knudson, D. (1991b) Factors Affecting Force Loading on the Hand in the
    Tennis Forehand. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness 31(4),
    527-531.

    Knudson, D. (1993) Effect of String Tension and Impact Location on Ball
    Rebound Accuracy in Static Tennis Impacts. Journal of Applied Biomechanics
    9, 143-148.

    Knudson, D., & White S. (1989) Forces on the Hand in the Tennis Forehand
    Drive: Application of Force Sensing Resistors. International Journal of
    Sport Biomechanics, 5, 324-331.

    Leigh, D. C. & Lu, W. (1992). Dynamics of the Interactions Between Ball,
    Strings, and Racquet in Tennis. International Journal of Sport
    Biomechanics, 8, 181-206.

    * Liu, Y. (1983) Mechanical analysis of racquet and ball during impact.
    Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 15(5), 388-392.

    Maw, N., Barber, J. R., & Fawcett, J.N. (1976). The Oblique Impact of
    Elastic Spheres. Wear, 38, 101-114.

    Mirkin & Hoffman, (1978). Common injuries and what to do about them. The
    Sportsmedicine Book, 100-101. Little Brown and Company Ltd. Canada.

    * Missavage, R., Baker, J., & Putnam, C. (1984). Theoretical modelling of
    grip firmness during ball-racquet impact. Research Quarterly for Exercise
    and Sport, 55(3) 254-260.

    Plagenhoef, S. (1971). Patterns of Human Motion: A Cinematographic
    Analysis, Prentice-Hall.

    Putnam, C., & Baker, J., (1984). Spin imparted to a tennis ball during
    impact with conventional and diagonal strung racquets. Research Quarterly
    for Exercise and Sport, 55(3), 261-266.

    Roetert, E., Brody, H., Dillman, C., Groppel, J., & Schultheis, J. (1995).
    The Biomechanics of Tennis Elbow. Clinical Sports Medicine, 14(1), 47-57.

    Snijders, C., Volkers, A., Mechelse, K., & Vleeming, A. (1987). Provocation
    of Epicondylalgia Lateralis (Tennis Elbow) by Power Grip or Pinching.
    Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 19(5), 518-523.

    * Watanabe, T., Ikegami Y., & Miyashita M., (1979). Tennis: The Effects of
    Grip Firmness on Ball Velocity after Impact. Medicine and Science in Sports
    and Exercise, 11(4), 359-361.

    Widing, M., & Moeinzadeh, M. (1990). Finite modelling of a tennis racquet
    with variable string patterns and tensions. International Journal of Sport
    Biomechanics, 6(1), 78-91.

    Brody, H. (1985). The moment of inertia of a tennis racket. The Physics
    Teacher, 23(4), 213-216.

    Howard is a physicist at the University of Pennsylvania. I know he has done
    a study of tennis players sensitivity to changes in moments of inertia of
    tennis rackets. I am unsure if it is published yet. His book may also be
    of use:

    Brody, H. (1987) Tennis science for tennis players. Philadelphia: U. of
    Pennsylvania Press.

    Stan Plagenhoef's book, "Patterns of Human Motion: A Cinematographic
    Analysis" 1971 Prentice Hall has moments of inertia estimates for old
    tennis rackets.

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