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  • Neuroprosthetics Workshop, Atlanta

    Dear Colleague:

    The first joint conference of the Biomedical Engineering Society
    (BMES) and the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology
    Society (EMBS) in Atlanta in October 12-16 is coming closer.

    We want to draw your attention to the preconference workshop
    "NEUROPROSTHETICS FOR FUNCTIONAL MOVEMENT
    RESTORATION" and remind you to register soon, if you are
    interested!

    More information and description how to register is available
    on the internet: http://bmes-embs99.gatech.edu

    Yours sincerely,
    R. Riener, M. Ferrarin, A. Pedotti, J. Quintern

    %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

    Program of the Preconference Workshop:

    NEUROPROSTHETICS FOR FUNCTIONAL MOVEMENT RESTORATION
    Atlanta, October 12th, 1999

    Organizers: Robert Riener(1,2), Maurizio Ferrarin(1),
    Antonio Pedotti(1), Jochen Quintern(3)

    (1) Centro di Bioingegneria, Fondazione Don C. Gnocchi, Politechnico
    di Milano, Italy
    (2) Inst. of Automatic Control Engineering, Technical University
    of Munich, Germany
    (3) Neurological Clinic, Klinikum Grosshadern, LMU, Munich, Germany


    MOTIVATION

    Neuroprostheses on the basis of FES are used to restore motor
    function in patients with upper motor neuron lesions. Multi-joint
    movements with high coordinative requirements such as climbing stairs
    (paraplegics) or using tools for eating and drinking (tetraplegics)
    are very difficult to control with a neuroprosthesis. However, in
    the last 15 years the rapid progress in microprocessor technology,
    modeling and simulation, controller development, miniaturization of
    biosensors, electrode implantation, etc. provided the means for more
    complex computer-controlled FES systems. It is expected that
    functionally useful FES systems will be available in the near future.


    BRIEF OVERVIEW

    After presenting a medical and technical overview, the workshop
    gives an impression about the state of the art and the problems that
    exist in the field of neuroprosthetics. Different model and control
    strategies, sensor approaches, and clinical applications will be
    discussed. Eventually, ethical aspects and problems in technology
    transfer will be presented. The workshop closes with an overview
    about future directions in the field of FES.


    PRELIMINARY PROGRAM

    A. Pedotti, Italy: INTRODUCTION TO THE WORKSHOP

    J. Quintern, Germany: NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL BASICS
    - Upper and lower motor neuron
    - Patient selection criteria for Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES)

    - Nonlinear activation of nerve and muscles by means of FES
    - Spasticity
    - Interaction between spinal reflexes and FES
    - General applications of electrical stimulation in medicine

    P. Veltink, The Netherlands: ARTIFICIAL SUPPORT OF
    IMPAIRED HUMAN MOTOR CONTROL
    - The human motor system as a feedback controlled dynamic system
    (controller, plant, sensors)
    - Impaired human motor control
    - Artificial support systems with controller, mechanics and sensors
    - Interactions between impaired human motor system and artificial
    support system
    - Design of artificial support systems
    - User interaction

    R. Riener, Germany/Italy: MODELING IN NEUROPROSTHETICS
    - Modeling overview: general purpose of modeling, model types, parameter

    identification
    - Model applications: model-based neurophysiological investigations,
    model-based biomechanical motion analysis, model-based design of
    control strategies, on-line model application in control
    - Examples: model applications for the development of lower-limb
    prosthesis

    D. Popovic, Yugoslavia: CONTROL OF MOVEMENTS
    - Biological control of movements: Comparison of goal directed and
    cyclic movements
    - Analytic models for control of movements: Modeling multi-joint
    structures and using Hill muscle models can be applied to analyze
    control of movement
    - Nonanalytic modeling of movements: Design of different control
    strategies by black box models (e.g., multilayer perception,
    adaptive fuzzy control, inductive learning, ANN)
    - Hybrid modeling of controllers: "Feedback error learning"

    T. Sinkjær, Denmark: NATURAL VERSUS ARTIFICIAL
    SENSORS FOR FES CONTROL
    - Skin sensors in functional hand restoration
    - Muscle sensors in leg restoration
    - Bladder sensors in treating detrusor hyperrerflexia
    - Cognitive feedback from foot sensors for restoration of standing

    M. Ferrarin, Italy: ORTHOTIC AND HYBRID SYSTEMS FOR
    PARAPLEGIC WALKING
    - Mechanical orthoses for walking restoration: principles, clinical
    results and problems
    - Traditional and innovative orthoses
    - Biomechanical analysis and orthoses' optimization
    - Hybrid systems : mechanical orthoses and FES

    D. Graupe, USA: REVIEW OF 16 YEARS OF AMBULATION
    BY PARAPLEGICS USING TRANSCUTANEOUS FNS:
    APPARATUS, TRAINING, AMBULATION-PERFORMANCE,
    AND MEDICAL EVALUATION
    Discussion of a transcutaneous unbraced FNS system (PARASTEP) which
    allows T1-T12 traumatic paraplegics to stand and ambulate short
    distances independently:
    - PARASTEP development and technical features (size, stimulation
    output, control)
    - Patient admissibility, training, and ambulation performance
    - Medical benefits concerning muscle-mass, spasticity, peak-work
    capacity, heart-rate, blood-flow, depression scores, ambulation
    distance
    - Discussion of a specific training program

    U. Stanic, Slovenia: ELECTRICAL STIMULATION IN
    RECOVERY OF BREATHING
    - Modelling of the respiratory system
    - Mechanical and neuromuscular components
    - Analysis of respiration in spinal cord injured people
    - Artificial support systems: mechanical, phrenic nerve
    stimulation, abdominal muscle stimulation
    - Example of clinical applications and future developments

    R. Jaeger, USA: ETHICAL ASPECTS
    - Epidemiology of SCI (who gets injured and why)
    - Psychological adjustment after SCI (will I walk again)
    - Expectations and motivation (researcher, clinician, user)
    - Research versus treatment (informed consent and reimbursement)
    - Alternatives to FES
    - Safety (screening, stimulators, instructions for use)
    - Risk assessment and liability considerations

    G. Loeb, Canada: TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
    Technology transfer for FES is somewhat more difficult than for
    many other engineering and biomedical applications:
    - Medical device manufacturers are generally smaller than pharma-
    ceutical companies, with narrower in-house R&D capabilities.
    - Permanently implanted devices with complex electronic functions
    present lengthy and difficult regulatory hurdles.
    - Clinical trials are expensive and involve complex outcome measures.
    - Markets are relatively small and difficult to penetrate as a result
    of reluctant insurers and conservative clinicians.
    Nevertheless, technology transfer is possible, rewarding and ultimately
    necessary. Applied research that does not result in a marketed product
    cannot attain its goal of making people well.

    P. Rabischong, France: FUTURE DIRECTIONS FOR THE NEXT DECADE
    - Problems and requirements
    - Future research
    - Future clinical applications


    --
    ------------------------------------------------------
    Dr.-Ing. Robert Riener
    ------------------------------------------------------
    Neuroprosthetics Group
    Institute of Automatic Control Engineering (LSR)
    Technische Universitaet Muenchen (TUM)
    Arcisstr. 21, 80333 Muenchen, Germany

    Phone: +49-89-289-23421
    Fax: +49-89-289-28340
    E-mail: mailto:robert.riener@ei.tum.de
    WWW: http://www.lsr.ei.tum.de/~riener
    ------------------------------------------------------

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